Extra information

On this page you will find extra information on Nutritional Assessment and other topics that have been addressed on this website.

Malnutrition

  • M. van der Schueren & H. Kruizenga. "Nieuwe criteria en terminologie ondervoeding".Nederlands tijdschrift voor voeding & diëtetiek (2016); 71(5).In Dutch
  • P. Soeters, F. Bozetti, L. Cynober, A. Forbes, A. Shenkin en L. Sobotka. "Defining malnutrition: A plea to rethink". Clinical Nutrition (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.032.
  • ESPEN Guidelines for nutrition Screening (2002): http://www.espen.org/education/espen-guidelines
  • Stuurgroep Ondervoeding:www.stuurgroepondervoeding.nl In Dutch
  • Constantinides F. Nutritional Assessment of Hospitalized Patients, a long overlooked area of lab testing. Clinical Laboratory News (American Association for Clinical Chemistry): http://www.aacc.org/,  1998.  
  • Van Leeuwen, P.A.M. Klinische Voeding, Hfd 5 Depletie. Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, 2000. In Dutch 
  • Stratton R.J., Green C.J., Elia M. 'Disease related malnutrition: an evidence based approach to treatment', hoofdstuk 1. CABIpublishing USA 2003.  
  • Ravasco,-P; Camilo,-M-E; Gouveia-Oliveira,-A; Adam,-S; Brum,-G. A critical approach to nutritional assessment in critically ill patients. Clin-Nutr. 2002 Feb; 21(1): 73-7.
  •  Peter B. Soeters, Petronella L.M. Reijven, Marian A.E. van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren, Jos M.G.A. Schols, Ruud J.G. Halfens, Judith M.M. Meijers, Wim G. van Gemert. ''A rational approach to nutritional assessment''. Clinical Nutrition (2008) 27, 706-716.

Consequences of malnutrition

  • Cerra F.B. Hypermetabolism, organ failure and metabolic support (review). Surgery 1987; 101: 1-14.
  • Stratton R.J., Green C.J., Elia M. Disease related malnutrition: an evidence based approach to treatment, Chapter 4. CABI publishing 2003, USA

Prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals

LPZ measurement

Refeeding syndroom 

  • Mehanna H., Nankivell P.C., Moledina J., Travis J. Review: refeeding syndrome-awareness, prevention and management. Head & Neck Oncology 2009 jan 26, 1: 4
  • Stanga Z, Brunner A, Leuenberg M, Grimble RF, Shenkin A, Allison SP, Lobo DN. Nutrition in clinical practice - the refeeding syndrome: illustative cases and guidelines for prevention and treatment. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008 jun; 62 (6): 687-694.
  • Kraft e.a. Nutrition in clinical practice. review of the refeeding syndrome.2005. Nutr Clin Pract (20): 625 
  • http://ncp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/20/6/625
  • Boateng AA e.a. Refeeding syndrome: Treatment considerations based on collective analysis of literature case reports (review). Nutrition 2010; 26: 156-167.
  •  Khan L.U.R e.a. Refeeding syndrome: A literature review. Gastroenterology Research and practice 2011.

Screening

Clinical glance

  • Baker et all. Nutritional assessment. A comparison of clinical judgement and objective measurements. The New England Journal of Medicine 1982; 306: 969-72. 

Nutritional Assessment

In general

  • Bokhorst van  - de van der Schueren MAE (2000) Malnutrition of the head and neck cancer patient, Haarlem
  • Barendregt K, van den Hogen E, Soeters PB (2000) Depletie, pp 80-95, uit: Klinische voeding, van Leeuwen PAM, Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, Houten/ Diegem. In Dutch
  • Gibson RS (1990) Principles of Nutritional Assessment, Oxford University Press, New York
  • Baxter JP (1999) Problems of Nutritional Assessment in the acute setting, Proc Nutr Soc; 58: 39-46
  • Edington J (1999) Problems of Nutritional Assessment in the community, Proc Nutr Soc; 58: 47-51
  • Thomas DR, Zdrowski CD, Wilson MM, Conright KC, Lewis C, Tariq S, Morley JE (2002) Malnutrition in subacute care, Am J Clin Nutr; 75: 308-313
  • Ronan Thibault, Laurence Genton, Claude Pichard. Review: Body composition: Why, when and for who? Clinical Nutrition ( 31) 2012. 

Screening by a dietician

  • Kovacevich D.S., Boney A.R., Braunschweig C.L., Perez A., Stevens M. Nutrition risk classification: a reproducible and valid tool for nurses. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 1997 feb;12 (1): 20-5.
  • Handbook of Clinical Dietetics, 2nd ed.: blz. 7, tabel 1.2 Risk categories for malnutrition.
  • Stratton R.J., Green C.J., Elia M. 'Disease related malnutrition: an evidence based approach to treatment', chapter 1. CABIpublishing 2003, USA. 

Body Mass Index

  • A BMI calculator for children  http://www.kidsnutrition.org/consumer/nyc/vol1_03/bmi_calculator.htm
  • Stratton R.J., Green C.J., Elia M. Disease-related malnutrition: an evidence-based approach to treatment. CABI publishing, USA, 2003.
  • Sorkin JD, Muller D, Andres R. Longitudinal change in height of men and women: implications for interpretations of body mass index: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of aging. Am. J. Epidemiol 1999; 150: 969-977.

Percent weight loss

  • Stratton R.J., Green C.J., Elia M. Disease-related malnutrition: an evidence-based approach to treatment. CABI publishing, USA, 2003.
  • Detsky AS, Smally PS, Chang J. Is this patient malnourished? JAMA 1994; 271/ 1: 54-58.
  • SGA: http://www.unr.edu/nerp/pgsga.html

Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)

  • A protocol for performance of SGA is described in: Detsky A.S., Mclaughin J.R. , Baker J.P.  What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status? JPEN 1987;11: 8.
  • The application of SGA described in: Detsky A.S., Smalley P.S., Chang J. Is the patient malnourished? JAMA 1994; vol 271(1): 54-58.
  • SGA should have predictive value for nutrition-related complications: Baker J.P., Detsky A.S., Wesson D.E. et al. Nutritional assessment: a comparison of clinical judgement and objective measurements. N Engl J Med 1982; 06: 969. 

Research

Calculating body weight

  • Shenkin A., Cederblad G., Elia M., Isaksson B. (1996) 'Laboratory assessment of protein-energy status', Clinica Chimica Acta; 253:S5-S59.
  • De Wijn & Hekkens. 'Fysiologie van de voeding', 1985, blz. 43 en 44. In Dutch
  • Roche A.F., Heymsfield S.B., Lohman T.G . Human body composition. 1996. tabel 11.4 en 11.5, blz. 212.
  • Handbook of Clinical Dietetics, van The American Dietetic Association. 2nd ed, 1992.
  • Kyle U.G. et al. 'Body composition in 995 acutely ill or chronically ill patients at hospital admission: A controlled population study'. JADA; 7 vol 102, july 2002, 944-955.
  • Childs, S.G. Pathophysiology of muscle wasting. Orthopaedic Nursing, july/ aug 2003 :22(4);251-7.
  • Becker G et al. Het dietistisch consult, Hfd 4 (derde druk, 2008 ), uitgeverij Lemma  
  • Thibault R., Genton L., Pichard C. Review. Body composition: Why, when and for who? Clinical Nutrition 31 (2012) 435-447. 

Nutrition case study

  • Forly L., Oppedal B., Skelle K. e.a. 'Validation of a self-administered form for recording food intake in hospital patients'. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1998 (52): 929-33.
  • Jonnalagadda S.S., Mitchell D.C., Smiciklas-Wright H. e.a. 'Accuracy of energy intake data estimated by a multiple-pass, 24-hour dietary recall technique'. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2000 (3): 303-9.
  • Surrao J., Sawaya A.L., Dallal G.E., Tsay R., Roberts S.B. 'Use of food quotients in human doubly labeled water studies: Comparable results obtained with 4 widely used food intake methods. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1998 (9): 1015-20.
  • Dwyer J.T. Ch 52: 'Dietary assessment' in Shils M.E., Olson J.A., Shike M. 'Modern Nutrition in health and disease'. Lea & Febiger:1994. 

Body weight

  • Lohman T.G., Roche A.F., Martorell R. 'Anthropometric standardization reference manual'.       
  • Human Kinetics Books, Illinois,1988.

Length

  • Heymsfield S.B., Baumgartner R.N., Pan S.F.. Nutritional assessment of malnutrition by antropometric methods. In: Shils M.E., Olson J.A., Shike M., Ross A.C., Eds. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 9th ed. Baltimare: Williams and Wilkins, 1998: 903-921.
  • Chumlea W.C, Roche A.F., Steinbaugh M.L. Estimating stature from knee height for persons 60 to 90 yearss of age. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 1985; 33: 116-120. 

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

  • Bron: Kyle U, Genton L, Slosman D, Pichard C. Fat-free and fatmass percentiles in 5225 healthy subjects aged 15-98 years. Nutrition 2001 17;534-541.
  • Kyle UG et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis - part II: utilization in clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition dec 2004, vol 23, issue 6, pg 1430-1453.
  • Een kritisch artikel over het gebruik van de BIA in de eerstelijnszorg is te vinden in: Hulshof, ir P.J.M. Het meten van lichaamssamenstelling in de eerste lijnszorg. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Voeding & Dietetiek, jrg 64, nr 5,  okt 2009. In Dutch
  • Een eenvoudige uitleg over de werking van bio-impedantie kunt u vinden op:
  • http://nutrition.uvm.edu/bodycomp/bia/lesson3.html
  • Meetomstandigheden  
  • Bruikbaarheid BIS 

Skinfold measurement

  • Durnin JVGA, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutrition. 1974; 32: 77-97.
  • Siri WE. The gross composition of the body. pages 239-280. IN: Lawrence JH, Tobias CA (editors). Advances in Biological and Medical Physics. Academic Press, Inc. Advances in Biological and Medical Physics. 1956; 4: 239-280. 

Deviating build

  • Handbook of clinical dietetics, 2nd ed, 1992. Bron Brunnstrom, M.A., 1981. fig 1.3, blz 11. 

Knee-height measurement

  • Han, T.S. and M.E.J. Lean. ‘Lower leg length as an index of stature in adults’. International Journal of Obesity, 1996 (20), 21-27.
  • Sienkiewicz-Sizer, F., Noss-Whitney, E.,: Nutrition Concepts and controvercies, seventh edition, Belmont, 1997.
  • Chumlea, W.C., Roche A.F., Steinbaugh M.L., Estimating stature from knee height for persons 60 to 90 years of age. Journal American Geriatric Sociology, 1985;33:116-20. De formules die in dit onderzoek zijn ontwikkeld zijn alleen toepasbaar voor vrouwen tussen de 60 en 90 jaar 

Medium-hip ratio/  abdominal circumference

  • Asp N, Bjorntorp P,Britton M, e.a. Obesity- problems and interventions. A systematic review. Stockholm: SBU (The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care) 2002.
  • Jansen I, Katzmarzyk P e.a. Body mass index, waist circumference and health risk. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2075-2079.
  • Overgewicht en obesitas. Rapport Gezondheidsraad; Den Haag, april 2003. In Dutch
  • Zhu S, Wang Z, Heshka S e.a. Waist circumference and obesity-associated risk factors among whites in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: clinical action thresholds. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76: 743-9.
  • TB VanItallie, MU Yang, SB Heymsfield, RC Funk and RA Boileau. Height-normalized indices of the body's fat-free mass and fat mass: potentially useful indicators of nutritional status. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004, Vol 52, 953-959. 

Fatfree Mass Index

  • Schutz Y, Kyle U, Pichard C. Fat-free mass index and fat mass index percentiles in Caucasians aged 18-98 y. Int. J obes Relat Metabolic Disord 2002;26:953-60.
  • Kyle U, Genton L, Slosman D, Pichard C. Fat-free and fat mass percentiles in 5225 healthy subjects aged 15 to 98 years. Nutrition 2001;17:534-541. 

Calculating energy usage

  • Frankenfield D.C., Muth E.R., Rowe W.A. 'The Harris-Benedict studies of human basal metabolism: history and limitations. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1998: 98 (4):439-45.
  • Harris J.A., Benedict F.G. A biometric study of basal metabolism in man. The Carnegie Institute, Washington, 1919.
  • Ireton-Jones C, Jones J. Improved equations for estimating energy expenditure in patients: the Ireton-Jones equations. Nutr Clin Pract. 2002;17:236 –239.
  • Roza A.M., Shizgal H.M. The Harris Benedict reevaluated: resting energy requirement and body cell mass. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1984;40: 168-182.
  • Shetty P, Nocito FM. Human energy reqiurements. Scientific background papers of the Joint FAO/ WHO/ UNU Expert Consultation. Public Health Nutrition 2005;8 (7A): 929-1228.
  • Weijs, dr, ir P.J.M en dr ir H.M. Kruizenga. Wat is de energiebehoefte van mijn patient? Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Voeding en Dietetiek. 2009; 64 (5) In Dutch
  • Weijs, P.J.M. e.a. Validation of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in adult outpatients and inpatients. Clinical Nutrition 2007
  • Mifflin MD, St. Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr.1990; 51:241 –247.
  • FAO. Human energy requirements. Report of a joint FAO/ WHO/ UNU Expert Consultation. FAO food and Nutrition Technical Report Series No 1. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation, 2004. website:
  • http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5686e/y5686e08.htm#TopOfPage 
Calculating children's BMI
  • De originele Schofield-formule is te vinden in: Schofield W.N. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Human Nutrition Clinical Nutrition ( 1985) 39C, suppl 1, 5-41.
  • Schofield WN. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1985; 39: 5-41.
Factors
  • Energy expenditure in different age categories: Shetty P, Nocito FM. Human energy requirements. Scientific background papers of the Joint FAO/ WHO/ UNU Expert Consultation. Public Health Nutrition 2005;8 (7A): 929-1228.
  • FAO. Human energy requirements. Report of a joint FAO/ WHO/ UNU Expert Consultation. FAO food and Nutrition Technical Report Series No 1. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation, 2004.
  •  Website: http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5686e/y5686e08.htm#TopOfPage 
Interpretation
  • IN: Winter TA. The effects of undernutrition and refeeding on metabolism and digestive function. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1: 2006 Sep;9 (5): 596-602. 

Blood parameters

Albumin

  • Brugler L. Stankovic A., Bernstein L., Scott F., O'Sullivan-Maillet J. The role of visceral protein markers in protein calorie malnutrition. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40 (12): 1360-1369.
  • Hoffer J. L. Starvation. In: Shils E.M., Olson A.J., Shike M. Modern nutrition in health and disease. Philadelphia: Lea&Febiger, 1994: 927-49.
  • Konstantinides F. Nutritional Assessment of Hospitalized Patients, a long overlooked area of lab testing. Clinical Laboratory News (American Association for Clinical Chemistry): www.aacc.org,  feb 98.
  • Shenkin A., Cederblad G., Elia M., Isaksson B. 'Laboratory assessment of protein-energy status'. Clinica Chimica Acta; (1996) 253:S5-S59.
  • Spiekerman A.M. Proteins used in Nutritional Assessment. Clin Lab Med 1993; 13: 353-69. 

CRP

  • Ferard G., Gaudias J., Bourguignat A., Ingenbleek Y.C-reactive protein to transthyretin ratio for the early diagnosis and follow-up of postoperative infection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40 (12): 1334-1338.
  • Spiekerman A.M. Proteins used in nutritional assessment. Clin Lab Med 1993;13:353-69. 

Creatinine

  •  Raymakers J.A., Kreuzer H.J.H.'Interpretatie van uitkomsten van laboratoriumonderzoek in de geneeskunde'. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema: 1985. In Dutch

Prealbumin

  • Bernstein L.H., Ingenbleek Y. Transthyretin: Its respons to malnutrition and stress injury. Clinical usefulness and economic implications. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40 (12): 1344-1348. 
  • Brugler L. Stankovic A., Bernstein L., Scott F., O'Sullivan-Maillet J. The role of visceral protein markers in protein calorie malnutrition. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40 (12): 1360-1369.
  • Konstantinides F. Nutritional Assessment of Hospitalized Patients, a long overlooked area of lab testing. Clinical Laboratory News (American Association for Clinical Chemistry) Feb 1998: www.aacc.org. 
  • Mears E. Outcomes of continuous process improvement of a nutritional care program incorporating TTR measurement. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002 dec;40 (12): 1355-9.
  • Shenkin A., Cederblad G., Elia M., Isaksson B. 'Laboratory assessment of protein-energy status'. Clinica Chimica Acta; (1996) 253:S5-S59. 
  • Spiekerman A.M. Proteins used in nutritional assessment. Clin Lab Med 1993;13:353-69. 

Point deficiencies

Transferrin

  • Konstantinides F. Nutritional Assessment of Hospitalized Patients, a long overlooked area of lab testing. Clinical Laboratory News (American Association for Clinical Chemistry): www.aacc.org,  feb 98. 
  • Shenkin A., Cederblad G., Elia M., Isaksson B. (1996) 'Laboratory assessment of protein-energy status', Clinica Chimica Acta; 253:S5-S59. 
  • Spiekerman A.M. Proteins used in nutritional assessment. Clin Lab Med 1993;13:353-69. 

Urea

  • Raymakers J.A., Kreuzer H.J.H.'Interpretatie van uitkomsten van laboratoriumonderzoek in de geneeskunde'. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema: 1985. In Dutch

Handgrip strength

  • Webb A.R. , Newman L.A. et al. 'Hand grip dynamometry as a predictor of postoperative complications. Reappraisal using age standardized grip strengths'. JPEN 1989;13:30-33.
  • Shenkin A., Cederblad G., Elia M., Isaksson B. (1996) 'Laboratory assessment of protein-energy status', Clinica Chimica Acta; 253:S5-S59.
  • Hillman T.E. ' A practical posture for hand grip dynamometry in the clinical setting'. Clinical Nutrition 2005; 24: 224-228.
  • Gunter  C.M. e.a. Grip strength in healthy Caucasian adults: reference values. JHS vol 33A april 2008.
  • Guo e.a.. 'Hand grip strength: an indicator of nutritional state and the mix of postoperative complications in patients with oral and maxillofacial cancers'. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1996 ; 34: 325-327.
  • Hunt D.R. 'Handgripstrength. A simple prognostic indicator in surgical patients'. JPEN 1985; 9 : 701-704.
  • Fidanza F. 'Nutritional assessment, a manual for population studies'. Uitg. Chapman and Hall, 1991. 
  • Mathiowetz v. e.a. Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 66: 69-72, 1985.
  • Schlussel M. e.a. Reference values of handgrip dynamometry of healthy adults: A population-based study. Clinical Nutrition 2008 27, 601-607.
  • Bohannon R.W. e.a. Review: reference values for adult grip strength measured with a Jamar dynamometer: a descriptive meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 92 (2006) 11-15.
  • Matos L.C. e.a. Handgrip strength as a hospital admission nutritional screening method. Eur J of Clin Nutr 2007, 61; 1128-1135.
  • Klidjian gebruikt de niet-dominante hand (3x, hoogste telt), maar beschrijft geen gestandaardiseerde houding: Klidjian A.M., Foster K.J., Kammerling R.M., Cooper A., Karran S.J.. Relation of anthropometric and dynamometric variables to serious postoperative complications. BMJ 1980; 281: 899. Klidjian, A.M., Archer T.J., Foster K.J., Karran S.J. Detection of dangerous malnutrition. JPEN1982 6(2): 119-21.
  • De bruikbaarheid van de meting volgens de methode van Klidjian wordt besproken in: Humphreys J, de la Maza P, Hirsch S., Barrera G. Gattas V., Bunout D..Muscle strength as a predictor of loss of functional status in hospitalized patients. Nutrition 2002, 18: 616-620.
  • Hunt D.R., Rowlands B.J., Johnston D. Hand Grip Strength- A simple Prognostic Indicator In Surgical Patients. JPEN 1985, vol 9, no 6: 701-704 bevestigde ook de resultaten van Klidjian (1980).
  • Schaafsma J., Osoba D.. The Karnofsky performance status scale re-examined: a cross validation with  the EORTC-C30. Qual Life Res 1994;3:413. 

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 Laatste update: 21 december 2016